Nợ xấu và ảnh hưởng nợ xấu khi vay tiền không thế chấp

Nợ xấu và ảnh hưởng nợ xấu khi vay tiền không thế chấp

Khi vay tiền không thế chấp hoặc vay theo bất cứ hình thức nào tại các cơ sở tài chính, hồ sơ vay của khách hàng sẽ phải trải qua kiểm tra nợ xấu trước khi được xét duyệt. Để có thể thực hiện vay nhanh nhất các khoản vay tiền không thế chấp, bạn cần hiểu rõ như thế nào là nợ xấu và làm sao để có thể tránh được nợ xấu.

Như thế nào là nợ xấu?

Nợ xấu ngân hàng chính là những khoản nợ được phân loại nợ theo 5 nhóm của hệ thống CIC. Hay nói một cách khác nợ xấu là những khoản nợ quá hạn phải trả lãi và gốc lớn hơn 90 ngày. Đồng thời quy định các ngân hàng thương mại căn cứ vào khả năng trả nợ của khách hàng để hạch toán các khoản vay vào các nhóm thích hợp.

Tổ chức có trách nhiệm xác định nợ xấu là CIC thuộc ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam có chức năng thu nhận, lưu trữ, phân tích, và xử lý, dự báo thông tin tín dụng. Phục vụ cho yêu cầu quản lý nhà nước của Ngân hàng Nhà nước. Thực hiện các dịch vụ thông tin ngân hàng theo quy định của Ngân hàng Nhà nước và của pháp luật.

vay tiền không thế chấp
vay tiền không thế chấp

Hơn nữa CIC sẽ quản lý các thông tin người vay qua việc các ngân hàng cung cấp về các khoản vay. Tên người vay, tổ chức vay cùng quá trình thanh toán khoản vay đó. Sau đó, CIC sẽ tổng hợp chúng thành một cơ sở dữ liệu có tính thống nhất phản ánh lịch sử tín dụng của từng cá nhân hay doanh nghiệp.

Các nhóm nợ xấu theo phân loại của CIC

Nhóm 1: Dư nợ đủ tiêu chuẩn. Là các khoản nợ có đủ khả năng thu hồi đầy đủ cả gốc và lãi đúng thời hạn. Nhưng nếu như quá hạn từ 1 đến 10 ngày. Vẫn nằm trong nhóm đủ tiêu chuẩn. Nhưng sẽ bị phạt lãi quá hạn 150%.

Nhóm 2: Dư nợ cần chú ý. Đó là các khoản nợ quá hạn từ 10 đến dưới 90 ngày.

Nhóm 3: Dư nợ ở mức dưới tiêu chuẩn. Các khoản nợ quá hạn từ 90 đến 180 ngày.

Nhóm 4: Dư nợ có nghi ngờ. Các khoản nợ quá hạn từ 181 đến 360 ngày.

Nhóm 5: Dư nợ có khả năng mất vốn. Là các khoản nợ quá hạn trên 360 ngày.

Ảnh hưởng của nợ xấu tới vay tiền không thế chấp

Những khách hàng được phân loại vào nhóm 3, nhóm 4, nhóm 5 là những khách hàng đang mang nợ xấu trên mình. Khi đó, tất cả các ngân hàng sẽ không hỗ trợ vay tiền dưới bất kỳ hình thức nào và khả năng vay tiền không thế chấp cũng gần như là không có. Khách hàng nếu thuộc nhóm 2 khả năng vay vốn thấp đi nhưng vẫn được một số ngân hàng cho vay hỗ trợ.

Khách hàng rơi vào nhóm 1 sẽ được xem xét ở tùy từng mức độ trả quá hạn có thường xuyên hay không. Nếu khách hàng thường xuyên và liên tục trả chậm hoặc tổ chức tín dụng đánh giá khả năng thanh toán không tốt thì có thể trả chậm từ 5 đến 7 ngày cũng có thể rơi vào nợ nhóm 2.

Ranh giới giữa các nhóm nợ cũng có thể thay đổi tùy mức độ của từng khách hàng và sự đánh giá của tổ chức đó. Chứ không hẳn như các quy định ở nhóm nợ trên đối với ngày trả quá hạn.  Ngoài việc bị giới hạn hoặc không thể tiếp tục vay tại các ngân hàng. Thì khách hàng có nợ xấu sẽ không được sử dụng thẻ tín dụng. Sẽ rất khó khăn để được duyệt trong tương lai nếu bạn có nhu cầu khi đã bị liệt vào danh sách này. Và phải chờ mất một khoảng thời gian dài để được xóa nợ xấu đó.

Làm thế nào để tránh rơi vào nhóm nợ xấu

Trước khi tiến hành vay tiền, nhất là với những khoản vay nhanh như vay tiền không thế chấp, khách hàng cần xem xét kỹ khả năng tài chính của bản thân và có tính toán trước mình cần trả bao nhiêu mỗi tháng. Từ đó người vay có thể cân đối được các khoản nhu cầu chi tiêu với mức thu nhập. Nếu số tiền phải trả hàng tháng quá cao không đủ chi trả hoặc gây ảnh hưởng đến cuộc sống thì tốt nhất không nên vay tiền không thế chấp tránh tình trạng nợ cắt cổ và không trả nổi. Tính toán cả trường hợp có biến đổi xảy ra chẳng hạn như bỗng nhiên phải nghỉ việc tạm thời. Thì vẫn có khả năng chi trả nợ khi đến hạn.

Cố gắng vay tiền không thế chấp nhanh từ nơi khác để bù nợ càng không phải là giải pháp khi lịch sử tín dụng trong hai năm gần đây không tốt. Thậm chí nếu như vậy có thể bị lừa tốn các chi phí bôi trơn. Thời gian không cần thiết mà vẫn không vay được, lại mất thêm một khoản không đáng có. Ngoài ra, khách hàng sử dụng dịch vụ thẻ tín dụng cần chú ý luôn trả nợ hết hạn; không sử dụng quá khả năng thanh toán trong tháng; đặc biệt không nên vượt quá 50% giới hạn nợ của thẻ.

Để tìm hiểu thêm về các hình thức vay tiền, hãy click vào đây!

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